Jules Verne (1828-1905) published the French equivalents of these words in 1869, and little has changed since. “What goes on in those distant depths? What creatures inhabit, or could inhabit, those regions twelve or fifteen miles beneath the surface of the water? It’s almost beyond conjecture.” “The deepest parts of the ocean are totally unknown to us,” admits Professor Aronnax early in this novel. The poor fellow was done for Introduction Portrait by Bertrand, engraved by Guillaumot In Latitude 47° 24’ and Longitude 17° 28’ The Mediterranean in Forty-Eight HoursĢ0. Four Thousand Leagues Under the Pacificħ. Verne’s novel features a tour of the major oceans, and the term Leagues in its title is used as a measure not of depth but distance. This is accurately translated as Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the SEAS-rather than the SEA, as with many English editions. The French title of this novel is Vingt mille lieues sous les mers. The paintings of Illinois watercolorist Milo Winter (1888-1956) first appeared in a 1922 juvenile edition published by Rand McNally & Company. WalterĬopyright (C) 1999, Frederick Paul Walter.Ī complete, unabridged translation of Vingt mille lieues sous les mers by Jules Verne, based on the original French texts published in Paris by J. Soaring above the forest canopy, Cassin's hawk-eagles are able to spot their prey from the air before commencing the attack.Translated from the Original French by F. When the stomach contents of collected specimens have been examined they have been found to contain the remains of birds and tree squirrels, although it is possible that other vertebrates are eaten too. Fledging age is reached between 70 and 100 days and the total time between nest initiation and independence of the juvenile is close to 260 days, which is similar to other booted eagles. During the 'branching period', the nestling typically spends most of the day off the nest, periodically half-jumping and half-flying from one branch of the nest tree to another. The length of incubation is unknown but is likely between 40 and 45 days. The clutch size is 1-2 eggs which are laid from October–December in Ghana and Gabon, and in December in Uganda, therefore making it an annual breeder. Both sexes help construct the nest with sticks more than 25 m (82 ft) above the forest floor in the canopy of a tree where it is lined with fresh foliage. Before 1970, almost nothing was known about its breeding habits but since then multiple studies have uncovered some details. Its habitat of choice, primary rainforest, is also notoriously difficult to navigate, making surveys and studies extremely difficult. The details of the ecology and behaviour of Cassin's hawk-eagle, like most hawk-eagles, are barely known as it is a secretive and rarely observed species, usually seen when soaring over the forest canopy. Strong reversed sexual size dimorphism is present, with females far larger than males. The immature gains its adult plumage by becoming blacker above and whiter below.Ī fairly small eagle, under current classification, Cassin's hawk-eagle is the smallest member of the Aquila genus. In flight, the juvenile shows pale underwing coverts whereas an adult has dark underwing coverts and a black band along the rear edge of the wing. The tail is dark gray with a white tip and dark barring and the dark brown wings have white-tipped secondary feathers. The underparts are white and the breast russet with half-concealed blackish spots, while the belly and flanks are marked with dense black spotting. A brown or rufous head with dusky lores and streaked black on the throat and centre of the crown is typical. Immature and juvenile plumage is strikingly different from that of adults. It has yellowish-brown eyes, pale yellow ceres and feet and a black bill. The tarsi are white with black streaks, and the underparts are all white or white with black blotches along the sides of the lower breast. It has dark brown upperparts, with white spots and a brown tail with three black bars and a broad black subterminal band. The adult Cassin's hawk-eagle appears as a small eagle, with short rounded wings and a long rounded tail.
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